Rise to PowerĪrmy officers with ties to the Ba'ath Party overthrew Qassim in a coup in 1963. ![]() The Ba'athists opposed the new government, and in 1959, Saddam was involved in the attempted United States-backed plot to assassinate Qassim. In 1958, a year after Saddam had joined the Ba'ath party, army officers led by General Abdul Karim Qassim overthrew Faisal II of Iraq. Nasser challenged the British and French, nationalized the Suez Canal, and strove to modernize Egypt and unite the Arab world politically. The rise of Nasser foreshadowed a wave of revolutions throughout the Middle East in the 1950s and 1960s, which would see the collapse of the monarchies of Iraq, Egypt, and Libya all of which had been established by the departing colonial powers. The populist pan-Arab nationalism of Gamal Abdel Nasser in Egypt was also a profound influence on Saddam, whose ambitions were to be wider than Iraq itself. In Iraq, the stranglehold of the old elites (the conservative monarchists, established families, and merchants) was breaking down. Revolutionary sentiment was sweeping Iraq and much of the Middle East at this time. During this time, Saddam apparently supported himself as a secondary school teacher. In 1957 at the age of 20 he left before completing his course to join the revolutionary pan-Arab Ba'ath Party, of which his uncle was a supporter. After secondary school, Saddam studied at Iraq's School of Law for three years. Under the guidance of his uncle, he attended a nationalistic secondary school in Baghdad. According to Saddam, he learned many things from his uncle, a militant Iraqi nationalist. Later in his life, relatives from his native Tikrit would become some of his closest advisors and supporters. Tulfah, the father of Saddam's future wife, was a devout Sunni Muslim. At around ten, Saddam returned to Baghdad to live with his uncle, Kharaillah Tulfah. His stepfather, Ibrahim al-Hassan, treated him harshly. Saddam gained three half-brothers as a result. The infant Saddam was sent to the family of his maternal uncle, Khairallah Talfah, until he was three. Shortly afterward, Saddam's 13-year-old brother died of cancer, leaving his mother severely depressed in the final months of the pregnancy. His mother, Subha Tulfah al-Mussallat, named her newborn son Saddam, which in Arabic means “One who confronts.” He never knew his father, Hussein 'Abd al-Majid, who disappeared six months before Saddam was born. ![]() ![]() Saddam Hussein Takrity was born in the town of Al-Awja, 13 km (8 mi) from the Iraqi town of Tikrit to a family of shepherds from the al-Begat tribal group. on Decemwas witnessed by lawyers, officials, and by a physician. His execution, at approximately 6:00 A.M. On December 26, 2006, Saddam's appeal was rejected and the death sentence upheld. On November 5, 2006, he was convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraq Special Tribunal and sentenced to death by hanging. Saddam's government collapsed as a result of the 2003 invasion of Iraq by an international coalition led by the United States, and he was captured by American forces on December 13, 2003. Saddam repressed movements he deemed threatening to the stability of his rule, particularly those of ethnic or religious groups that sought independence or autonomy, including Iraq's Shi'a Muslim, Kurdish and Iraqi Turkmen populations. Meanwhile, he consolidated one-party rule and maintained power through the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) and the Gulf War (1991). Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي) Ap, was the President of Iraq from July 16, 1979, until April 9, 2003.Īs vice president under his cousin, General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Saddam tightly controlled conflict between the government and the armed forces by creating repressive security forces and cementing his own authority over the apparatus of government.Īs president and head of the Baath Party, Saddam espoused secular pan-Arabism, economic modernization, and Arab socialism. Chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council
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